HMPV is a respiratory virus similar to RSV that is confirmed to cause respiratory diseases, from simple upper respiratory tract infections to the severe lower respiratory tract disease. Some of these infections are relatively harmless, but it is known that pregnant women can be at risk for severe forms.
Given recent reports of HMPV in different parts of the world including in Nepal, a question about the virus infections during pregnancy has emerged.
It draws the evidence base, threats, and protective measures about HMPV during pregnancy to enable you decide whether to worry and how to do it safely. Medical bodies like Ministry Of Health And Population also suggest that there citizens need not worry and panic over this virus
What Is HMPV and Why Is It Concerning?
HMPV was initially identified in 2001 but has become a major causative agent of respiratory diseases globally. It is transmitted through droplet infection, close contact with the affected individual and the spread through contact with contaminated objects. Symptoms of HMPV typically include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Nasal congestion
- Sore throat
- Shortness of breath
HMPV is self limiting and often resolves in 7-14 days, however, in groups at risk for severe respiratory disease including infants, elderly or pregnant mothers the infection can lead to complications.
Pregnancy alters immune system because the body must ensure that the fetus does not reject the baby naturally making pregnant women more vulnerable to infections.
Also, pregnant women with respiratory infections may be at risk of preterm labor, low birth weight, or foetal compromise.
The 2025 Outbreak: What We Know So Far
In early 2025, the positive reports on the HMPV infections had been reported in countries such as China, India, Nepal among others. Moreover, even though the authorities have not officially make a statement about epidemic, they said that there are more cases in winter than normally.
The WHO says that the increase in cases fits the usual flu season but health care users should be wary especially pregnant women.
As a research study was conducted in Nepal in the year 2024 it was found that HMPV was responsible about 15 % of respiratory disease patients admitted in hospital during the winters.
Comparing hospitalization rate in pregnant women, the number of HMPV related complications were further higher in the present year with 20 percent increase than from the previous year.
HMPV Virus During Pregnancy: Potential Risks
HMPV infection during pregnancy can cause mild to severe manifestations in view of the woman’s general health and gestational age. Key risks include:
a) Respiratory Distress:
Chronic HMPV can cause pneumonia/ARDS and may necessitate hospitalization and admission to the intensive care unit.
b) Fetal Growth Restriction:
Previous studies have revealed that febrile illnesses, including HMPV, during pregnancy increases fetal growth restriction and reduces long-term development.
c) Preterm Labor:
Infections that accompany fever and inflammation may lead to early contractions and serious consequences linked with premature birth.
d) Low Birth Weight:
Prenatal infections increase the likelihood of having LBW babies and has potential negative implications health wise in the later years of these children’s lives.
Measures to Adopt when Pregnant During HMPV Outbreak
Since HMPV can be dangerous for pregnant women and their infants, pregnant women must understand that prevention is the best cure to protect themselves from the virus. Here are practical steps to minimize exposure and stay healthy.
a) Practice Good Hygiene:
Do hand washing continuously with soap and water of a duration of at least 20 seconds. Wash your hands with soap and water when possible; Rinsing is the next best to washing with soap.
b) Avoid Close Contact:
Avoid contact with people who display flu like symptoms of the respiratory system. Avoid close contact in areas that people flock especially during festive seasons.
c) Use Protective Measures:
They should cover their mouth while in the public place, or in any area where there are high incidences of the virus. Self sanitize common items to avoid spreading the virus such as doorknobs, phones, counters, etc.
d) Boost Immunity:
Consumption of foods with high vitamin and mineral content. Make sure to take enough water and ensure you get enough sleep.
e) Seek Timely Medical Care:
Incidentally, if you suffer from fever, cough or difficulty in breathing, then, it is advisable to seek the help of a health care provider. Perform Maternal and prenatal check ups in order to evaluate the health of the unborn child.
Prevention, Diagnosis and Control of HMPV Infection in Pregnant Women
At the present time, there is no special antiviral therapy for HMPV infection, and there is no vaccine against this virus either. The major concern of managers is palliative care that aims to relieve manifestations and avoid adverse effects. For pregnant women, this may include:
- Adequate hydration and rest
- Tylenol, and other possible medications that may be given to a patient in order to control fever.
- In the most extreme instances acute agitation & distress will call for supplemental oxygen.
In some cases, admission of the patient to the hospital may be warranted by elevated respiratory emergencies or fetus complications.
Conclusion: Should You Be Scared?
Neonatal and maternal HMPV infections are known to have certain risks in pregnancy but does not need to be alarming. However, the vast majority of cases are relatively minor and will clear up with correct treatment.
Through practicing preventive measures, getting well informed, as well as seeking early prenatal care, pregnant women are in a good position to minimize a number of risks of HMPV.
It’s important to bear in mind that the earlier the diagnosis and intervention, the better. If you are pregnant, and have complaints about the respiratory symptoms, visit the doctors immediately.
Hospitals and clinics of Nepal are ready to give all the required services and advice that is mandatory for the safety of both mother and her new born.
